Kwizigulana ezinesifo esinesifo semfundo (ESRD), iHomodialysis lukhetho olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo. Ngexesha lonyango, igazi kunye ne-dielysate liza kuqhagamshelana ne-diallyzer (izintso ebekiweyo) ngokusebenzisa i-membrane efikayo, ivumela ukutshintshiselana ngezinto eziqhutywa ngamandla aqhutywa. Umatshini weHodialysis udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekucoceni igazi ngokususa inkunkuma ye-metabolic kunye ne-elektrolytes ngelixa ukwazisa i-calcium kunye ne-bicarbonate evela kwi-Deareyitha kwigazi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iziseko zoomatshini beHodiyalysis kwaye sikhokele njani isixhobo esikumgangatho ophezulu ukwenza unyango lukhulu ngakumbi.

 

Ukuqonda umatshini we-hemodialysissis

Amatshini weHodialysississis oqhelekileyo aqukethe iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili: Inkqubo yokubeka iliso egazini kunye nenkqubo yokubonelela. Inkqubo yegazi inoxanduva lokulawula ukujikeleza kwegazi kunye nenkqubo yedayari ilungiselela isisombululo esifanelekileyo soyilo ngokuxuba ugxininisa kwaye sithutha isisombululo kwi-diallyser. Kwi-hemodialyzer, umda wedayinti wenza ukungafani komhlaba, ukungena, kunye negazi lobuqhetseba nge-membrane yegazi ngenkqubo yolawulo lwegazi kunye nenkqubo yokucoca i-Deally Alwelo. Le nkqubo iqhubekekayo yokuqhuba ngebhayisikile ngokufanelekileyo icoca igazi.

Ngokwesiqhelo, inkqubo yokubeka esweni igazi ibandakanya impompo yegazi, impompo yeHeparin, i-Acparin kunye nokuhlolwa koxinzelelo loxinzelelo, kunye nenkqubo yokufumana umoya. Izinto eziphambili zenkqubo yokubonelela ngesondo yinkqubo yokulawula ubushushu, inkqubo yokuxuba, inkqubo yokubeka esweni i-Depas, iliso lokubekwa kweliso kwi-Urtrafilting, ukubonwa kwegazi, njalo njalo.

Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zoomatshini abasetyenziswa kwiHomdialysis yimigangathoI-hemodialysis (HD) yomatshinikwaye iI-hemodiaflateliction (i-HDF) yomatshini. I-HDF yoomatshini bokusebenzisaI-up-flux dialyzersNikeza inkqubo yoyilo oluphambili-ophumeleleyo-Ukuhluthwa kunye nokudluliselwa kokuphucula ukususwa kweemolekyu ezinkulu kunye nezinto eziyityhefu kunye ne-ions ebalulekileyo ngokufaka endaweni ye-ions.

Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba indawo ye-membrane yendawo ye-membrane ye-dialyzer kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwimeko ethile yesigulana, kubandakanya ubunzima, iminyaka, imeko yentliziyo, kunye nokukhetha i-dialyzers. Soloko unxibelelana nesiphakamiso sobugcisa bukagqirha ukufumanisa iI-Dialyzer efanelekileyo.

 

Ukukhetha umatshini we-hemodialysis efanelekileyo

Ukhuseleko kunye nokuchaneka yeyona nto iphambili. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:

1. Iimpawu zokhuseleko

Umatshini oqeqeshiweyo we-hemodialysis kufuneka abe neliso loKhuseleko loKhuseleko lweNkqubo neeNkqubo zeAlarm. Ezi nkqubo kufuneka zibuthathaka ngokwaneleyo ukukhangela nayiphi na imeko engaqhelekanga kwaye inike izilumkiso ezichanekileyo kubaqhubi.

Ukubeka iliso okwexeshana kukuqhubeka nokubekwa kweliso kuxinzelelo lwe-arrial kunye ne-venous, ireyithi yokuhamba, kunye nezinye iiparamitha ezibalulekileyo ngexesha lokudalwa. Izilumkiso ze-Alarm System kwimiba efana nomoya kwigazi kuxinzelelo lwegazi eliphezulu, okanye amazinga angalunganga okugcina okungalunganga.

 2. Ukuchaneka kweNtsebenzo

Ukuchaneka komatshini kuchaphazela ukusebenza ngonyango kwaye kuhlala kuvavanywa yile miba ilandelayo:

Iqondo lokugcina: Umatshini kufuneka ulawule ngokuchanekileyo ulwelo kwisigulana.

Ukubek'esweni ukubek'esweni: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-dialysate ikwimo yokugxininisa i-electrolyte echanekileyo.

Ulawulo lobushushu: Umatshini kufuneka ugcine i-diareyitha kwiqondo lobushushu elikhuselekileyo nelikhululekileyo.

 I-3. Isinxibelelanisi somsebenzisi

Unxibelelwano lomsebenzisi-olunobuhlobo lunokuphucula kakhulu amava kubo bobabini abaguli kunye nabaqhubi. Jonga oomatshini belawula iimvakalelo kunye nemiboniso ecacileyo eyenza kube lula ukubeka iliso kwiiparamitha zonyango.

I-4. Ukugcinwa kunye nenkxaso

Qwalasela ubungakanani benkxaso yezobugcisa kunye neenkonzo zolondolozo zomenzi obanyuliweyo. Inkxaso ethembekileyo inokuqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na imicimbi ibhekiswe ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunyango.

 5. Ukuthobela imigangatho

Umatshini we-hemodialysis kufuneka athobele imigangatho efanelekileyo yokhuseleko kunye nenqanaba elimiselweyo ngamaziko olawulo. Oku kuthotyelwa kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nonyango olusebenzayo.

 

Oomatshini bokukhuphisana kunye nomenzi

IImodeli ye-hemodialysis w-t2008-byenziwe nguI-ChengduslesDibanisa iqela leqela eliphantse leminyaka engamashumi amathathu ngamava oshishino kunye netekhnoloji. Umatshini wenzelwe ukuba usetyenziswe kwiiyunithi zonyango kwaye ufungelwe ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CE, kunye netekhnoloji, uzinzo, ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo kunye nokuthuthuzelwa kwesigulana, kunye nokukhululeka kwendlela yonyango. Inempompo ezimbini kunye negumbi lokubonelela elichanekileyo kunye neli-flay-linder, uyilo olwahlukileyo lokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka koLondolozo. Izinto eziphambili zomatshini zingeniswa elivela eYurophu naseMelika, ezinje ngeeValves eziqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwendlela zokuvula nokuvala, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwe-chips.

 

Phambili ukukhusela ukhuseleko inkqubo

Umatshini wamkela nenkqubo yokubeka iliso kunye nokukhusela, inqanaba lolwelo kunye nabachongi be-bubble, nto leyo banokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umoya ekusasazeni igazi ukuwela iingozi zesigulana ukumisa iingozi ze-embolism ukuze ziyeke iingozi ze-embolism ukuba ziyeke iingozi ze-embolism. Ukongeza, umatshini uxhotywe ngamanqaku amabini okubeka iliso kubushushu kunye neengcebiso ezimbini zokwenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho womgangatho wolondolozo ugcinwa lonke unyango. Inkqubo ye-alamu yengqondo ibonelela ngempendulo yokwenyani nangayiphi na imeko engaqhelekanga ngexesha lokudalwa. I-ACOSTO-APTIC ye-ALMOTRUC-Optic Alartors iphendule ngokukhawuleza kuyo nayiphi na imiba, evuselela ukusebenza ngonyango.

Ngokusekwe kwisiseko se-W-T2008-b, iI-W-T6008s ye-hemodiaFilireYongeza uXabiso lweGazi leGazi legazi, iifilitha ze-endotoxin, kunye ne-bi-inqwelo njengokumiselwa kwemigangatho. Inokutshintsha ngokulula phakathi kwe-HDF kunye neendlela ze-HD ngexesha lonyango. Faka i-DUBEX ephezulu yeFULX, eququzelela ukususwa kweemolekyude ezinkulu ezivela kwigazi, umatshini uphucula ukusebenza kunye nentuthuzelo yonyango.